For as long as there have been barriers and attempts to restrict movement, there have been symbolic and other material acts of resistance. How do different forms of graphical protest, different modes of inscribing, laying claim to, reclaiming or transforming spatial markers operate in relation to each other: verbal as opposed to visual graphics, for example; or the extent to which certain graphic styles or actual markers or works can be or have been transposed from one site to another (e.g. Banksy, or JR)?   What are the different graphical modes used to inscribe (or contain) resistance in Palestine or Beirut, across Latin America or in city streets throughout Africa?  How do different modes interact with or contest each other?  How have these modes of inscription changed recently?

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